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    Tsanangudzo yeAPI 5L 46th Edition yeLine Pipe Scope

    Tsanangudzo yeAPI 5L 46th Edition yeLine Pipe Scope Mufananidzo Wakatsanangurwa
    • Tsanangudzo yeAPI 5L 46th Edition yeLine Pipe Scope

    Tsananguro pfupi:

    Yakatsanangurwa kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zviviri zvezvigadzirwa (PSL1 nePSL2) zvepombi yesimbi isina musono uye yakasungirirwa yekushandisa pombi mukutakura peturu negasi rechisikigo. Kuti ushandise zvinhu muSour service application tarisa Annex H uye kuti ushandise offshore service application tarisa Annex J yeAPI5L 45th.


    Ruzivo rweChigadzirwa

    Matagi eChigadzirwa

    Mamiriro Ekutumira

    PSL Mamiriro Ekutumira Giredhi repombi
    PSL1 Sezvakakungurutswa, zvakajairika, zvakajairika zvakaumbwa

    A
    Yakamonerwa, yakamonerwa, yakamonerwa, yakamonerwa, yakamonerwa, yakamonerwa, yakamonerwa, yakamonerwa uye yakanyoroveswa kana kana zvichibvumiranwa neQ&T SMLS chete

    B
    Yakakungurutswa, yakakungurutswa, yakakungurutswa nethermomechanical, yakakungurutswa nethermomechanical, yakakungurutswa, yakakungurutswa, yakakungurutswa uye yakanyoroveswa X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70
    PSL 2 Sezvakakungurutswa

    BR, X42R
    Kugadzirisa kwakatenderedzwa, kugadziridzwa kwakaumbwa, kugadziridzwa kana kugadziriswa uye kuderedzwa BN, X42N, X46N, X52N, X56N, X60N
    Yakadzimwa uye yakapfava BQ, X42Q, X46Q, X56Q, X60Q, X65Q, X70Q, X80Q, X90Q, X100Q
    Thermomechanical yakamonerwa kana kuti thermomechanical yakagadzirwa BM, X42M, X46M, X56M, X60M, X65M, X70M, X80M
    Thermomechanical yakamonerwa X90M, X100M, X120M
    Zvakakwana (R, N, Q kana M) zvePSL2 grades, ndezve steel grade

    Ruzivo rweKuraira

    Chikumbiro chekutenga chinofanira kusanganisira huwandu, PSL level, mhando kana Giredhi, kureva API5L, dhayamita yekunze, ukobvu hwemadziro, kureba uye chero zvipi zvakabatanidzwa kana zvimwe zvinodiwa zvine chekuita nekuumbwa kwemakemikari, hunhu hwemakanika, kurapwa kwekupisa, kuyedzwa kwekuwedzera, maitiro ekugadzira, kuputira pamusoro kana kupera kwekupedzisira.

    Maitiro Akajairika Ekugadzira

    Rudzi rwePombi

    PSL 1

    PSL 2
    Giredhi A Giredhi B X42 kusvika X70 Kubva B kusvika X80 X80 kusvika X100
    SMLS

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    LFW

    ü

    ü

    ü
    HFW

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    LW

    ü
    SAWL

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    SAWH

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    SMLS - Yakatsetseka, isina weld

    LFW – Pombi yakasungirirwa ine frequency yakaderera, <70 kHz

    HFW - Pombi yakasungirirwa ine frequency yakakwira, >70 kHz

    SAWL - Kushongedza kwepasi pevhu kwakasungirirwa kwenguva refu

    SAWH - Kudziisa pasi pevhu rakanyungudutswa nesimbi yakasungirirwa nesimbi yakasungirirwa nesimbi

    Zvinhu Zvekutanga

    Zvidimbu, maruva, mabhiritsi, makoronga kana mapurati anoshandiswa kugadzira mapaipi anofanira kugadzirwa nenzira dzinotevera, okisijeni yepakutanga, chitofu chemagetsi kana chitofu chakavhurika pamwe chete nemaitiro ekunatsa ladle. Kune PSL2, simbi inofanira kuurayiwa nekunyungudutswa zvichienderana netsika yegorosi rakatsetseka. Koira kana ndiro inoshandiswa papaipi yePSL2 haifanirwe kunge iine ma weld ekugadzirisa.

    Kuumbwa kwemakemikari ePSL 1 pombi ine t ≤ 0.984″

    Giredhi reSimbi

    Chikamu chehuremu, % zvichibva pakupisa uye kuongororwa kwechigadzirwa a, g

    C

    b yepamusoro

    Mn

    b yepamusoro

    P

    zvakanyanya

    S

    zvakanyanya

    V

    zvakanyanya

    Nb

    zvakanyanya

    Ti

    zvakanyanya

    Pipe Isina Musono

    A

    0.22

    0.90

    0.30

    0.30

    -

    -

    -

    B

    0.28

    1.20

    0.30

    0.30

    c,d

    c,d

    d

    X42

    0.28

    1.30

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X46

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X52

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X56

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X60

    0.28 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X65

    0.28 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X70

    0.28 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    Welded Pipe

    A

    0.22

    0.90

    0.30

    0.30

    -

    -

    -

    B

    0.26

    1.2

    0.30

    0.30

    c,d

    c,d

    d

    X42

    0.26

    1.3

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X46

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X52

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X56

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X60

    0.26 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X65

    0.26 e

    1.45 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X70

    0.26e

    1.65 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f
    1. Cu ≤ = 0.50% Ni; ≤ 0.50%; Cr ≤ 0.50%; uye Mo ≤ 0.15%
    2. Pakudzikiswa kwega kwega kwe0.01% pasi pehuwandu hwakatarwa hwekabhoni, uye kuwedzera kwe0.05% pamusoro pehuwandu hwakatarwa hweMn kunobvumirwa, kusvika pa1.65% yemagiredhi ≥ B, asi ≤ = X52; kusvika pa1.75% yemagiredhi > X52, asi < X70; uye kusvika pa2.00% yeX70.
    3. Kunze kwekunge zvabvumiranwa neimwe nzira. Cherechedza + V ≤ 0.06%
    4. Nb + V + TI ≤ 0.15%
    5. Kunze kwekunge zvabvumiranwa neimwe nzira.
    6. Kunze kwekunge zvabvumiranwa neimwe nzira, NB + V = Ti ≤ 0.15%
    7. Hapana kuwedzera B nemaune kunobvumirwa uye B yasara ≤ 0.001%

    Kuumbwa kweMakemikari kwepombi yePSL 2 ine t ≤ 0.984″

    Giredhi reSimbi

    Chikamu chehuremu, % zvichibva pakuongorora kupisa uye zvigadzirwa

    Kabhoni Yakaenzana

    C

    b yepamusoro

    Si

    zvakanyanya

    Mn

    b yepamusoro

    P

    zvakanyanya

    S

    zvakanyanya

    V

    zvakanyanya

    Nb

    zvakanyanya

    Ti

    zvakanyanya

    Zvimwe

    CE IIW

    zvakanyanya

    CE Pcm

    zvakanyanya

    Pipe isina musono uye yakasungirirwa

    BR

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    c

    c

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42R

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.06

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    BN

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    c

    c

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42N

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.06

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46N

    0.24

    0.40

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.07

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52N

    0.24

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56N

    0.24

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10f

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X60N

    0.24f

    0.45f

    1.40f

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10f

    0.05f

    0.04f

    g,h,l

    Sezvakabvumiranwa

    BQ

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.50

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56Q

    0.18

    0.45f

    1.50

    0.025

    0.015

    0.07

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X60Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.70f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X65Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.70f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X70Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.80f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X80Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.90f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    ini,j

    Sezvakabvumiranwa

    X90Q

    0.16f

    0.45f

    1.90

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    j,k

    Sezvakabvumiranwa

    X100Q

    0.16f

    0.45f

    1.90

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    j,k

    Sezvakabvumiranwa

    Welded Pipe

    BM

    0.22

    0.45

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.30

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.30

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    d

    d

    d

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56M

    0.22

    0.45f

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    d

    d

    d

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X60M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.60f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X65M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.60f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X70M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.70f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X80M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.85f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    ini,j

    .043f

    0.25

    X90M

    0.10

    0.55f

    2.10f

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    ini,j

    -

    0.25

    X100M

    0.10

    0.55f

    2.10f

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    ini,j

    -

    0.25
    1. SMLS t>0.787”, miganhu yeCE inofanira kunge yakabvumiranwa. Miganhu yeCEIIW inoshandiswa fi C > 0.12% uye miganhu yeCEPcm inoshanda kana C ≤ 0.12%
    2. Pakudzikiswa kwega kwega kwe0.01% pasi pehuwandu hwakatarwa hwekabhoni, uye kuwedzera kwe0.05% pamusoro pehuwandu hwakatarwa hweMn kunobvumirwa, kusvika pa1.65% yemagiredhi ≥ B, asi ≤ = X52; kusvika pa1.75% yemagiredhi > X52, asi < X70; uye kusvika pa2.00% yeX70.
    3. Kunze kwekunge zvabvumiranwa neimwe nzira Nb = V ≤ 0.06%
    4. Nb = V = Ti ≤ 0.15%
    5. Kunze kwekunge kwakabvumirana neimwe nzira, Cu ≤ 0.50%; Ni ≤ 0.30% Cr ≤ 0.30% uye Mo ≤ 0.15%
    6. Kunze kwekunge zvabvumiranwa neimwe nzira
    7. Kunze kwekunge zvabvumiranwa neimwe nzira, Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15%
    8. Kunze kwekunge kwakabvumirana neimwe nzira, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 0.50% Cr ≤ 0.50% uye MO ≤ 0.50%
    9. Kunze kwekunge kwakabvumirana neimwe nzira, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.50% uye MO ≤ 0.50%
    10. B ≤ 0.004%
    11. Kunze kwekunge kwakabvumirana neimwe nzira, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.55% uye MO ≤ 0.80%
    12. Kune ese magiredhi ePSL 2 emapaipi kunze kwemagiredhi ane manyoro j akanyorwa, zvinotevera zvinoshanda. Kunze kwekunge zvabvumiranwa neimwe nzira hapana kuwedzera B nemaune kunobvumidzwa uye B yasara ≤ 0.001%.

    Kusimba uye Kubudirira - PSL1 nePSL2

    Giredhi rePaipi

    Zvivakwa zveKubata - Muviri wePaipi yeSMLS nemaPaipi Akasungirirwa PSL 1

    Musono weWelded Pipe

    Simba reKubereka a

    Rt0,5PSI Min

    Simba reKusimba a

    Rm PSI Min

    Kureba

    (mumaminitsi maviri eAf % min)

    Simba reKusimba b

    Rm PSI Min

    A

    30,500

    48,600

    c

    48,600

    B

    35,500

    60,200

    c

    60,200

    X42

    42,100

    60,200

    c

    60,200

    X46

    46,400

    63,100

    c

    63,100

    X52

    52,200

    66,700

    c

    66,700

    X56

    56,600

    71,100

    c

    71,100

    X60

    60,200

    75,400

    c

    75,400

    X65

    65,300

    77,500

    c

    77,500

    X70

    70,300

    82,700

    c

    82,700
    a. Kune giredhi repakati, musiyano uripo pakati pesimba rekudhonza rakasarudzwa uye goho repasi rakatsanangurwa remuviri wepombi rinofanira kunge rakapihwa kune giredhi repamusoro rinotevera.

    b. Kune magiredhi epakati, simba rekusimba rakatarwa remusono we weld rinofanira kunge rakafanana nerakatarwa nemuviri uchishandisa chitsiko chetsoka a.

    c. Kureba kushoma kwakataurwa, Af, Kana yakaratidzwa muchikamu chezana (percentage) uye yakatenderedzwa kusvika pachikamu chezana (percentage) chiri pedyo, inofanira kuongororwa uchishandisa equation inotevera:

    Apo C iri 1 940 yekuverengera uchishandisa mayuniti eSi uye 625 000 yekuverengera uchishandisa mayuniti eUSC

    Axcndizvo zvinoshanda nzvimbo yechikamu chebvunzo ine tensile, inoratidzwa mu square millimeters (square inches), sezvinotevera

    - Kune zvidimbu zvebvunzo zvedenderedzwa, 130mm2 (0.20 in2) yezvidimbu zvekuyedza zve 12.7 mm (0.500 in) uye 8.9 mm (.350 in) dhayamita; uye 65 mm2(0.10 in2) yezvidimbu zvekuyedza zve6.4 mm (0.250in) dhayamita.

    - Pazvidimbu zvebvunzo zvechikamu chose, diki pane a) 485 mm2(0.75 in2) uye b) nzvimbo yechikamu chechikamu chekuyedza, inotorwa uchishandisa dhayamita yekunze yakatarwa uye ukobvu hwemadziro hwakatarwa hwepombi, yakatenderedzwa kusvika padyo ne10 mm2(0.10in2)

    - Pazvidimbu zvebvunzo, chidimbu chidiki chea) 485 mm2(0.75 in2) uye b) nzvimbo ine chikamu chakachinjika chechikamu chekuyedza, inotorwa uchishandisa upamhi hwakatarwa hwechikamu chekuyedza uye ukobvu hwemadziro hwakatarwa hwepombi, yakatenderedzwa kusvika pa10 mm iri pedyo2(0.10in2)

    U ndiyo simba rekusimba rakatarwa, rinoratidzwa mumamegapascals (mapaundi pa sikweya inch)

    Giredhi rePaipi

    Zvivakwa zveKubata - Muviri wePaipi yeSMLS nemaPaipi Akasungirirwa PSL 2

    Musono weWelded Pipe

    Simba reKubereka a

    Rt0,5PSI Min

    Simba reKusimba a

    Rm PSI Min

    Chiyero a,c

    R10,5IRm

    Kureba

    (mumainti maviri)

    Af %

    Simba reKusimba d

    Rm(psi)

    Chishoma

    Zvakanakisa

    Chishoma

    Zvakanakisa

    Zvakanakisa

    Chishoma

    Chishoma
    BR, BN, BQ, BM

    35,500

    65,300

    60,200

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    60,200
    X42,X42R,X2Q,X42M

    42,100

    71,800

    60,200

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    60,200
    X46N,X46Q,X46M

    46,400

    76,100

    63,100

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    63,100
    X52N,X52Q,X52M

    52,200

    76,900

    66,700

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    66,700
    X56N,X56Q,X56M

    56,600

    79,000

    71,100

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    71,100
    X60N,X60Q,S60M

    60,200

    81,900

    75,400

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    75,400
    X65Q,X65M

    65,300

    87,000

    77,600

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    76,600
    X70Q,X65M

    70,300

    92,100

    82,700

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    82,700
    X80Q,X80M

    80,.500

    102,300

    90,600

    119,700

    0.93

    f

    90,600
    a. Kuti uwane giredhi repakati, tarisa kune zvese zvinodiwa zveAPI5L.

    b. kune magiredhi > X90 tarisa kune zvese zvinodiwa zveAPI5L.

    c. Muganho uyu unoshanda kumapayi ane D> 12.750 inches

    d. Kune magiredhi epakati, simba rekudhonza rakatarwa remusono we weld rinofanira kunge rakafanana nerakatarwa nemuviri wepombi uchishandisa tsoka a.

    e. Papombi inoda kuyedzwa kwenguva refu, simba guru rekupa rinofanira kuva ≤ 71,800 psi

    f. Kureba kushoma kwakataurwa, Af, Kana yakaratidzwa muchikamu chezana (percentage) uye yakatenderedzwa kusvika pachikamu chezana (percentage) chiri pedyo, inofanira kuongororwa uchishandisa equation inotevera:

    Apo C iri 1 940 yekuverengera uchishandisa mayuniti eSi uye 625 000 yekuverengera uchishandisa mayuniti eUSC

    Axcndizvo zvinoshanda nzvimbo yechikamu chebvunzo ine tensile, inoratidzwa mu square millimeters (square inches), sezvinotevera

    - Kune zvidimbu zvebvunzo zvedenderedzwa, 130mm2 (0.20 in2) yezvidimbu zvekuyedza zve 12.7 mm (0.500 in) uye 8.9 mm (.350 in) dhayamita; uye 65 mm2(0.10 in2) yezvidimbu zvekuyedza zve6.4 mm (0.250in) dhayamita.

    - Pazvidimbu zvebvunzo zvechikamu chose, diki pane a) 485 mm2(0.75 in2) uye b) nzvimbo yechikamu chechikamu chekuyedza, inotorwa uchishandisa dhayamita yekunze yakatarwa uye ukobvu hwemadziro hwakatarwa hwepombi, yakatenderedzwa kusvika padyo ne10 mm2(0.10in2)

    - Pazvidimbu zvebvunzo, chidimbu chidiki chea) 485 mm2(0.75 in2) uye b) nzvimbo ine chikamu chakachinjika chechikamu chekuyedza, inotorwa uchishandisa upamhi hwakatarwa hwechikamu chekuyedza uye ukobvu hwemadziro hwakatarwa hwepombi, yakatenderedzwa kusvika pa10 mm iri pedyo2(0.10in2)

    U ndiyo simba rekusimba rakatarwa, rinoratidzwa muma megapascals (mapaundi pa sikweya inch)

    g. Kukosha kwakaderera kweR10,5IRm zvinogona kutsanangurwa nechibvumirano

    h. kune magiredhi > x90 tarisa kune zvese zvinodiwa zveAPI5L.

    Kuedzwa kweHydrostatic

    Pombi dzinokwanisa kumira bvunzo ye hydrostatic pasina kubuda mvura kuburikidza nemusono weld kana muviri wepombi. Majointers haafanirwe kuongororwa hydrostatic chero bedzi zvikamu zvepombi zvakashandiswa zvakaedzwa zvinobudirira.

    Bvunzo reKukombama

    Hapana mitswe inofanira kuitika muchikamu chipi nechipi chechinhu chekuyedza uye hapana kuvhurika kweweld kunofanirwa kuitika.

    Muedzo weKubata-bata

    Zvinodiwa zvekugamuchirwa kwebvunzo yekutsvedza zvinofanira kuva:
    a)Mapombi eEW D<12.750 inches
    -≥ X60 ine T≥0.500in, hapafanirwe kuvhurwa kweweld usati wasvika daro riri pakati pemaplate pasi pe66% yedhayamita yekunze yepakutanga. Kune ese magiredhi nemadziro, 50%.
    -Paipi ine D/t > 10, hapafanirwe kuvhurwa kweweld usati wasvika daro riri pakati pemaplate riri pasi pe30% yedhayamita yekunze yepakutanga.
    b) Kune mamwe masayizi tarisai zvizere zveAPI5L

    Kuedzwa kweCVN kwePSL2

    Mapombi akawanda ePSL2 anoda saizi nemagiredhi eCVN. Mapombi asina musono anofanira kuyedzwa mumuviri. Mapombi akasungirirwa anofanira kuyedzwa mumuviri, muWeld wepaipi uye munzvimbo ine kupisa (HAZ). Tarisa kutsananguro yakazara yeAPI5L yechati yemasaizi nemagiredhi uye simba rinodiwa rinonyudzwa.

    Kushivirira Kunze kwedhayamita, Kunze kwedenderedzwa uye ukobvu hwemadziro

    Dhayamita D (mukati) Yakatsanangurwa Kunze

    Kushivirira kwedhayamita, masendimita d

    Kushivirira Kusina Kutenderera mu

    Pombi kunze kwemugumo a

    Mugumo wepaipi a,b,c

    Pombi kunze kweMugumo a

    Mugumo wepaipi a,b,c

    Pombi yeSMLS

    Welded Pipe

    Pombi yeSMLS

    Welded Pipe

    < 2.375

    -0.031 kusvika + 0.016

    - 0.031 kusvika + 0.016

    0.048

    0.036

    ≥2.375 kusvika 6.625

    +/- 0.0075D

    		 - 0.016 kusvika + 0.063

    0.020D ye

    Nechibvumirano che

    0.015D ye

    Nechibvumirano che

    >6.625 kusvika 24.000

    +/- 0.0075D

    +/- 0.0075D, asi huwandu hwayo hwakanyanya kusvika 0.125

    +/- 0.005D, asi huwandu hwayo hwakanyanya kusvika 0.063

    0.020D

    0.015D

    >24 kusvika 56

    +/- 0.01D

    +/- 0.005D asi huwandu hwayo hwakanyanya kusvika 0.160

    +/- 0.079

    +/- 0.063

    0.015D asi yakakwira kupfuura 0.060

    Zve

    Nechibvumirano

    ye

    0.01D asi yakakwira kupfuura 0.500

    Zve

    Nechibvumirano

    ye
    >56 Sezvakabvumiranwa
    1. Mugumo wepombi une hurefu hwemamita mana (4 in) kusvika pamucheto mumwe nemumwe wepombi.
    2. Papombi yeSMLS, tendero inoshanda pa t≤0.984in uye tendero dzepombi yakakora dzinofanira kunge dzakabvumiranwa.
    3. Papombi yakawedzerwa ine D≥8.625in uye papombi isina kuwedzerwa, kutsungirira kwedhayamita uye kutsungirira kwekunze kwedenderedzwa zvinogona kutsanangurwa uchishandisa dhayamita yemukati yakaverengerwa kana kuyerwa kwedhayamita yemukati pane OD yakatarwa.
    4. Kuti pave nekuona kuti dhayamita yacho inoenderana here nedanho remvura, dhayamita yepombi inotsanangurwa sedenderedzwa repombi mune chero denderedzwa rakakamurwa nePi.

    Ukobvu hwemadziro

    masendimita makumi matatu

    Kushivirira

    masendimita

    Pombi yeSMLS b

    ≤ 0.157

    + 0.024 / – 0.020

    > 0.157 kusvika < 0.948

    + 0.150t / – 0.125t

    ≥ 0.984

    + 0.146 kana + 0.1t, chero ipi zvayo yakakura

    - 0.120 kana - 0.1t, chero ipi zvayo yakakura

    Pombi yakasungirirwa c,d

    ≤ 0.197

    +/- 0.020
    > 0.197 kusvika < 0.591

    +/- 0.1t

    ≥ 0.591

    +/- 0.060
    1. Kana odha yekutenga ikataura kuti kutsungirira kwemadziro kuri pasi peukobvu hwemadziro kuri pasi pehuwandu hwakapihwa mutafura ino, kutsungirira kwekuwedzera kweukobvu hwemadziro kuchawedzerwa nehuwandu hwakakwana kuchengetedza huwandu hwekutsungirira hunoshanda.
    2. Pamapaipi ane D≥ 14.000 in uye t≥0.984in, kushivirira ukobvu hwemadziro munharaunda kunogona kupfuura kushivirira kwekuwedzera ukobvu hwemadziro ne 0.05t yakawedzerwa chero bedzi kushivirira kwekuwedzera kwehukuru kusina kudarika.
    3. Kukwanisa kushivirira madziro akobvu hakushande panzvimbo yekuweld
    4. Ona zvese zvinodiwa zveAPI5L kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo
  • Yakapfuura:
  • Zvinotevera:
    • Nyora meseji yako pano woitumira kwatiri

    Zvikamu zvezvigadzirwa