Chiito chemakemikari ekuumbwa musimbi

1. Carbon (C) .Carbon ndiyo inonyanya kukosha kemikari chinhu chinokanganisa kutonhora kwepurasitiki deformation yesimbi.Iyo yakakwira iyo kabhoni yemukati, iyo yakakwira simba resimbi, uye yakaderera yepurasitiki inotonhora.Zvave zvichiratidzwa kuti kune yega yega 0.1% kuwedzera kwekabhoni, simba regoho rinowedzera nezve 27.4Mpa;simba rekusimba rinowedzera nezve 58.8Mpa;uye elongation inoderera inenge 4.3%.Saka iyo kabhoni yemukati musimbi ine simba guru pakutonhora kwepurasitiki deformation kuita kwesimbi.

2. Manganese (Mn).Manganese inopindirana ne iron oxide mukunyungudutswa kwesimbi, kunyanya kuita deoxidation yesimbi.Manganese inopindirana nesimbi sulfide musimbi, inogona kuderedza kukuvadza kwesarufa pasimbi.Iyo yakaumbwa manganese sulfide inogona kuvandudza kucheka kwesimbi.Manganese inogona kuvandudza simba rekusimba uye goho simba resimbi, inoderedza kutonhora kwepurasitiki, iyo isingafadzi kune inotonhora yepurasitiki deformation yesimbi.Nekudaro, manganese ine yakashata mhedzisiro pane deformation simba Mhedzisiro inongova 1/4 yekabhoni.Naizvozvo, kunze kwezvinodikanwa zvakakosha, iyo manganese yemukati kabhoni simbi haifanire kudarika 0.9%.

3. Silicon (Si).Silicon ndiyo yakasara ye deoxidizer panguva yekunyungudutswa kwesimbi.Kana iyo silicon yemukati musimbi ichiwedzera 0.1%, iyo tensile simba inowedzera inosvika 13.7Mpa.Kana iyo silicon yemukati ichipfuura 0.17% uye iyo kabhoni yemukati yakakwira, ine simba guru pakudzikiswa kwekutonhora kwepurasitiki yesimbi.Kunyatso wedzera iyo silicon yemukati musimbi inobatsira kune yakazara mekiniki zvivakwa zvesimbi, kunyanya iyo elastic muganho, inogona zvakare kuwedzera kuramba kwesimbi Erosive.Nekudaro, kana iyo silicon yemukati musimbi inodarika 0.15%, isiri-simbi inclusions inoumbwa nekukurumidza.Kunyangwe iyo yakakwira silicon simbi yakanyungudutswa, haizopfave uye kuderedza inotonhora yepurasitiki deformation zvimiro zvesimbi.Naizvozvo, mukuwedzera kune yakanyanya simba kuita zvinodiwa zvechigadzirwa, iyo silicon yemukati inofanirwa kuderedzwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.

4. Sarufa (S).Sarufa tsvina inokuvadza.Iyo sulfuri musimbi ichaparadzanisa crystalline zvimedu zvesimbi kubva kune mumwe nemumwe uye kukonzera kutsemuka.Kuvapo kwesarufa kunokonzerawo kupisa embrittlement uye ngura yesimbi.Saka, iyo sulfur yemukati inofanira kunge iri pasi pe0.055%.Simbi yepamusoro inofanira kuva isingasviki 0.04%.

5. Phosphorus (P).Phosphorus ine basa rakasimba rinoomesa mhedzisiro uye kupatsanurwa kwakakomba musimbi, izvo zvinowedzera kutonhora kwesimbi uye inoita kuti simbi iri panjodzi yekukukurwa kweasidhi.Phosphorus musimbi inokanganisawo kutonhora kwepurasitiki deformation kugona uye kukonzera chigadzirwa kupaza panguva yekudhirowa.Iyo phosphorus yemukati musimbi inofanira kudzorwa pazasi 0.045%.

6. Zvimwe alloy elements.Mamwe alloy zvinhu mucarbon simbi, zvakaita seChromium, Molybdenum neNickel, zviripo setsvina, iyo ine simba shoma pane simbi pane kabhoni, uye zvirimo zvakare zvidiki zvakanyanya.